Diabetes is linked to high rates of kidney disease in adults, the results of a recent study have demonstrated.
Academics from the National University of Ireland Galway (NUI Galway) and clinicians at University Hospital Galway Diabetes Centre carried out the investigation, involving more than 4,500 patients in the west of Ireland. The findings revealed that almost half of patients attending the dedicated diabetes clinic showed signs of established chronic kidney disease.
The findings suggest that, despite careful medical management, a relatively high proportion of people with diabetes in Ireland are developing chronic kidney disease over time and are at risk of kidney failure and other complications of poor kidney function.
Professor Matthew Griffin, Consultant Nephrologist at Galway University Hospitals and researcher in NUI Galway’s College of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, said: “When evidence of chronic kidney disease due to diabetes appears, it usually indicates damage to the kidneys that cannot be reversed and may well worsen over time.”
The research, published in the BMJ Open Diabetes Research and Care, is the first comprehensive analysis of the overall burden of chronic kidney disease among people with diabetes in Ireland.
Of the patients attending the clinic, 42% had evidence of abnormal kidney function, based on the results of commonly-performed blood and urine tests. The rate of chronic kidney disease among diabetes patients is more frequent than previously recognised. The results also showed that the frequency of chronic kidney disease amongst diabetes patients was almost 50% higher in those with Type 2 diabetes.
The kidney function of more than one quarter of all the patients and nearly one third of those with Type 2 diabetes was declining at a faster rate than expected.
The research team said the findings of the prevalence and rate of chronic kidney disease were particularly concerning because the number of people affected by Type 2 diabetes is increasing steadily around the world.
Diabetes management and reducing risk of kidney disease
Dr Tomás Griffin, Consultant Endocrinologist specialising in diabetes care at Galway University Hospitals, Honorary Senior Lecturer at NUI Galway, and lead researcher on the study, said: “The findings tell us that adults living with diabetes in Ireland have rates of chronic kidney disease and rapid decline in kidney function that are comparable to, or greater than, populations which have been studied in the UK, other European countries, the US, and Asia.
“The study provides important information for people with diabetes because new treatments and interventions are emerging which may offer better protection of kidney function over time when introduced in the early stages of chronic kidney disease.
“Worryingly, many people with diabetes are unaware of the earliest evidence of diabetic kidney disease that can be identified in their blood and urine tests. This research shines a light on the need for greater awareness of these tests during the early stages of diabetes management and more collaborative care by diabetes and kidney specialists.”
Professor Francis Finucane, co-author on the study and Consultant Endocrinologist specialising in the management of obesity and diabetes at Galway University Hospitals, said: “The more we can do to prevent Type 2 diabetes and the factors that contribute to it by encouraging healthier diet and physical activity habits, the better our chances of reducing the burden of kidney disease.”
