Thoroughly constructed treatment and abstaining from cigarette consumption can greatly reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease that results from Type 2 diabetes.
According to a study published in The New England Journal of Medicine, in some cases, the increased risks of cardiovascular disease could theoretically be eliminated.
What does this mean for patients?
“This is definitely good news,” says Aidin Rawshani, medical intern and doctoral student at the Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy.
“The study shows that patients with Type 2 diabetes with all risk factors within therapeutic target range had an extremely low risk of premature death, heart attack and stroke.”
The study is based on data from the Swedish National Diabetes Register of approximately 300,000 patients with Type 2 diabetes in the period 1998–2014. These patients have been compared with up to five times as many gender and age-matched control subjects from the general population.
What are the risk factors?
The results of the study show that there are individuals with Type 2 diabetes who have no more than just 10% elevated risk of premature death, heart attack and stroke compared to the general population.
On the other hand, there are individuals with Type 2 diabetes that have ten times the risk for heart attack, heart failure and stroke and five times the risk for premature death.
A crucial aspect is how well a number of risk factors are controlled with medication and by not smoking. These factors are blood pressure, long-term blood glucose, lipid status (fats and fat-like substances in the blood), renal function and smoking.
Factors such as elevated blood glucose level was the most dangerous factor for heart attack and stroke, however smoking showed to be the most important risk factor for premature death.
Younger patients at greater risk
“We have shown that the risks can be greatly reduced, and in some cases may even be eliminated,” says Rawshani.
“The study also shows that the risk of complications, especially heart failure, is greatest among those under 55 years. This makes it extra important to check and treat risk factors if you are younger with Type 2 diabetes.”
